These simple sailors did not use paper charts or even peripli 2 and had only a sounding lead as their most sophisticated instrument 3.

This progress was gradual and it was of no benefit to contemporary mariners who relied on collective memory, common sense geography and so-called mental charts 1. The development of geography, mathematics and astronomy had a strong influence on the progress of navigation but with one important reservation. Keywords: Alexandria, marine engineering, ancient seafaring, shipbuilding. The Alexandrian traces of some of these inventions currently remain implicit however, they were equally included in the discussion in hope that future research will bring more light on their origins.

This article is an attempt to evaluate the contribution of the city to the global development of navigation and seafaring in the ancient world. The Ptolemaic dynasty was based on the principles of the thalassocracy that manifested itself in almost every aspect of the Egyptian state and was represented by the legendary Pharos through seventeen centuries. It was here that the waters of the Nile mingled with the Sea and here the Egyptian culture, riverine in its origins, mingled with the maritime world of the Greeks. Research fellow, Centre for Egyptological Studies RAS maritime destiny was naturally predetermined by its excellent geographical position at the confluence of the two worlds. РР»РµРєС‚СЂРѕРЅРЅС‹Р№ Р¶СѓСЂРЅР°Р» / Online Journal Р’С‹РїIssue 3, 2020ДЄncient Alexandria as the centre of maritime innovations

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